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Studies

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Photobiomodulation in context of new data about multiple roles of ATP

Editorial on mechanisms of photobiomodulation with emphasis on new discoveries that ATP is not only the energy inside cells but also a critical signaling molecule that allows cells and tissues to communicate with one another.
Published:  Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2010; 28(2): 159-160. doi: 10.1089/pho.2010.2789

Published: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2010; 28(2): 159-160. doi: 10.1089/pho.2010.2789
Author(s): Karu T

Low-power laser therapy

Chapter on laser therapy written by one of the pioneers in the field of photobiomodulation.
Published:  In: Vo-Dinh T, editor. Biomedical Photonics Handbook. Boca Raton (FL)  CRC Press; 2003: 48-1-48-25.

Published: In: Vo-Dinh T, editor. Biomedical Photonics Handbook. Boca Raton (FL) CRC Press; 2003: 48-1-48-25.
Author(s): Karu

Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy–an update

Update on review paper for bi-phasic dose response (https://www.litecure.com/blog/studies/biphasic-dose-response-in-low-level-light-therapy/).
Published:  Dose-Response. 2011; 9: 602-618. doi: 10.2203/dose-response.11-009.11-009.Hamblin
Keywords:  low level laser therapy, photobiomodulation, biphasic dose response, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, traumatic brain injury

Published: Dose-Response. 2011; 9: 602-618. doi: 10.2203/dose-response.11-009.11-009.Hamblin
Author(s): Huang Y-Y, Sharma SK, Carroll J, Hamblin MR

Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy

This review paper covers the current theory on basic mechanisms of laser therapy and discusses the effects of different dosing strategies. Cytochrome c is identified as the primary absorber of light in the near infrared leading to cellular changes related to ATP, NO and ROS levels. Different doses of laser therapy are shown to either [...]

Published: Dose-Response. 2009; 7(4): 358–383. doi: 10.2203/dose-response.09-027.Hamblin
Author(s): Huang Y-Y, Chen AC-H, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR

Effect of pulsing in low-level light therapy

Review of 33 studies comparing CW and pulsed laser treatments.  A common criticism of these studies is the lack of direct, like-for-like comparison of pulsed treatment to CW.  The article concludes “CW is the gold standard and has been used for all LLLT applications” and “there is no consensus on the effects of different frequencies [...]

Published: Lasers Surg Med. 2010; 42(6): 450–466. doi:10.1002/lsm.20950.
Author(s): Hashmi JT, Huang Y-Y, Sharma SK, Kurup DB, De Taboada L, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR

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