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This paper reviews the available literature on molecular signaling pathways involved in photobiomodulation therapy stimulation for the enhancement of cell proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis in various indications. The pathways through activating receptor tyrosine kinases are also highlighted in LLLT-induced neuroprotection, wound healing, and skeletal muscle regeneration.
Published: Laser Photonics Rev. 2014; 8(1): 115–130. doi: 10.1002/lpor.201300015
Study to evaluate pain reduction efficacy of treatment with GaAlAs laser (980 nm) with a large diameter spot size combined with exercise. The study evaluated 100 patients with chronic low back pain. At the end of the 3 week period, the Laser + exercise group showed a significantly greater decrease in pain than did the [...]
Review of clinical trials of laser therapy for the treatment of tendinopathy. Dosages used in the 12 positive studies would support the existence of an effective dosage window that closely resembled current recommended guidelines. Conclusion: LLLT can potentially be effective in treating tendinopathy when recommended dosages are used.
Published: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2010; 28(1): 3-16. [...]
This study investigated the light penetration gradients in the human cadaver brain using a Transcranial Laser System with a 30 mm diameter beam of 808 nm wavelength light. In addition, the wavelength dependence of light scatter and absorbance in intraparenchymal brain tissue using 660, 808, and 940 nm wavelengths was investigated. Transcranial application of 808 [...]
Randomized controlled trial of laser therapy vs. therapeutic ultrasound in 70 patients with clinically verified subacromial impingement syndrome. Laser therapy was shown to have significantly greater benefit than ultrasound in reducing pain and improving the articular movement, functionality and muscle strength of the affected shoulder.
Published: Phys Ther. 2009; 89(7): 643-652.