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The aim of this paper was to review experimental studies of laser irradiation of human and animal cells in culture to assess the photobiomodulatory effects of such irradiation on gene expression and release of growth factors and CYTOKINES.
30 consecutive patients with clinically verified sub-acute or chronic low back pain were randomized to receive 15 treatments (5 days a week for 3 weeks) of either ultrasound or laser therapy.
Review of laser therapy for neck pain published in a top-tier medical journal.
The authors conclude that laser application to NHNP cells significantly increases ATP production which may explain the beneficial effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in stroked rats.
This review paper covers the current theory on basic mechanisms of laser therapy.